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The average human, at rest, produces around 100 watts of power. This equates to around 2000 kcal of food energy, which is why your recommended daily intake of calories is around 2000 kcal. Over periods of a few minutes (or a few hours in the case of trained athletes), we can comfortably sustain 300-400 watts — and in the case of very short bursts of energy, such as sprinting, some humans can output up to 2,000 watts.The bulk of this energy is required for important tasks, such as pumping your heart and flexing your muscles, but a lot of it is wasted — primarily as heat, but also through other physical inefficiencies. Almost all of this wasted energy could be captured and turned into electricity, which could then augment or completely replace our reliance on chemical batteries. Yes, this is rather like that scene in The Matrix where Neo wakes up and finds out he and billions of other humans are being harnessed as a power source for the sentient robot overlords — but it does actually make a lot of sense.

As it stands, battery technology is by far the biggest limitation when it comes to modern technology. Batteries are large, heavy, and except for one recent breakthrough can only be fashioned into a few very restrictive shapes (cylinders, bricks). If we could remove batteries from the equation, it would suddenly be possible to have truly wearable computers — computers wrapped around your wrist, embedded in your shoes, or woven into your clothes.To do this, we only need to capture a few watts of power from the human body — a negligible amount that would probably have zero effect on your body. On the off chance that you do feel a bit drowsy, you could compensate for the energy loss by simply drinking a can of Coke, which is a lot more convenient than remembering to plug your smartphone into a wall charger.Now, just so we’re clear, this isn’t my crazy pipe dream. Engineers have been working on ways of reclaiming wasted energy for years, first through “dumb” methods that capture waste heat, and more recently using microelectronic and nanoscale devices that capture energy from your every movement.

In Sweden, for example, Stockholm’s Central Station uses heat exchangers to convert commuter body heat into hot water, which is then piped to an office building next door — an approach that could easily be replicated in shopping malls and supermarkets around the world. Last year, we wrote about a piezoelectric film — a material that you can place anywhere to produce electricity from the smallest of movements, such as typing on a keyboard or the swing of your arms as you walk. Can Kitchenaid Mixer Bowl Go DishwasherThe University of Wisconsin has created a special shoe that uses electrowetting to produce 10 watts — a huge amount of energy — just from walking.Zillow Homes For Sale Lutz FlThe only reason such energy harvesting techniques aren’t widely used is down to the relative immaturity of the tech. Kittens For Sale Vancouver Canada

In the case of piezoelectric generators, they produce minuscule amounts of electricity that struggle to power a computer, let alone a sensor. While it’s easy to capture body heat on a grand scale, such as in Sweden, there’s still no easy way to harvest large amounts of waste heat on a local, wearable scale. There is even one research group at the University of Southampton that is using the human heart itself — the flow of blood passing through a turbine — as a power source for a pacemaker. Even there, though, their technique can only capture 17% of the power required (and a pacemaker requires very little power).We also need to find out just how much power we can safely harvest from the human body — a child might only be able to provide 5 watts, while Usain Bolt could probably power a small family home, if you kept him pumped full of Mountain Dew. There might also be the possibility that drawing too many watts would force your body to burn up fat supplies, which would make for a very geek-friendly diet.

In short, human batteries are coming — it’s just a matter of time and research. The first people to tap their bodies for power will probably be soldiers, who are often lumbered down by tons of equipment, including bulky batteries. If a few watts can be reclaimed from their body heat, or the movement of their backpack, then their quality of life could be significantly improved.After that, assuming IBM Watson doesn’t become sentient and enslave us all, power-harvesting shoes, clothes, and apparel should become commonplace fairly soon.Read: We are slaves of electricityEverybody would like to buy a light bulb which lasts at least as long as the box you bought it in claims it will. However, as I mentioned in the definite guide for declaration found on light bulb packages, the longevity of light bulbs is usually much shorter than it is declared on their package. In this article you’re going to find out how you can try to make your light bulbs last longer without shifting to other type of lighting.

I decided to write about most commonly used types of light bulbs today: incandescent, CFL and LED light bulbs. An important fact is that there are many variations of light bulbs that are using the same technology, and their longevity as well as ways to prolong it will be generalized. Among other factors, the lifetime of any lamp depends on operating voltage, manufacturing defects, exposure to voltage spikes, mechanical shock and vibrations, how often you turn the light on and off, and ambient operating temperature. Make sure to check the condition of your light fixtures and find a way (or a person) to check the wiring. In cases of high voltage or a bad power provider, a silicon diode cap can be screwed over the base of the bulb to reduce the voltage passing through. By lowering voltage, they also lover the generated heat, however, they also reduce the light output to some extent. Before jumping to the section you are interested in, you should also be advised to buy light bulbs from companies with stricter quality control and brands you trust in.

In long term, the difference in price between alight bulb of quality and a cheap light bulb pays off when it comes to frequency of their replacement. General Electric Company was the first to patent a method of making tungsten filaments for use in incandescent light bulbs back in 1906, and the method hasn’t changed a great deal during that time. Although they do have the lowest initial cost, compared to CFLs and LED light bulbs, incandescent light bulbs have the shortest longevity and highest energy consumption for the same amount of lumens (light) they are able to emit. So, how to make them last longer? As mentioned in article about declaration found on light bulb packages, most household bulbs which operate on higher voltage than declared lose around 60 percent of the declared life. That is why buying light bulbs with more volts (V) than it is proposed by standard in your country can prolong their operation. Another two factors which influence the longevity of incandescent light bulbs are temperature and vibrations.

Most incandescent bulbs have a tungsten filament which heats up as electricity passes through. The heat, which produces the light, makes the filament fragile and wears it off over time. This part will heat up faster as it has a higher resistance (P = I2R), thus causing further thinning of the already thinnest part. You should also enable the light bulb to dissipate the heat more easily and lower its exposure to cold temperatures. The best way to counter this effect, and stick to usage of tungsten incandescent light bulbs, is to install a continuous (dial type) dimmer switch. By slowly turning on a cool light bulb, you prevent surges of electricity from rushing through the filament. Unlike some of the old dimmer switches, modern dimmers do lower energy consumption as well. Therefore, turning down the maximum amount of light to the amount you actually need makes your electricity bill lower, and your light bulb lifespan longer. Incandescent light bulbs are also sensitive to vibrations that may come from slamming doors, machines, shocks or even noise.

The solution to this problem is usage of vibration resistant fan bulbs or rough service light bulbs. These bulbs have an extra filament that reduces the vibrations. Unlike most standard incandescent bulbs which last anywhere between 700 and 1,000 hours, rough service light bulbs can withstand vibrations and can generally last 2 to 10 times longer. Compared to incandescent light bulbs, Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) rated lifespan is typically 8 to 15 times longer (6,000 to 15,000 hours). CFLs produce less light over time and it is expected that they produce 70–80% of their original light output by the end of their projected lifetime. But there are other factors that shorten the lifetime of CFLs you should be aware of. Just as with incandescent light bulbs, constant exposure to voltage which is higher than their stated operating voltage and vibrations lower the lifespan of CFLs. Before even thinking how to make them last longer, you have to make sure that you buy the right type of the CFL for your need.

For example, if you use a higher wattage CFL in any sort of closed fixture the heat that is generated by the light bulb becomes trapped in the can and will overheat the ballast and making it last up to 70% less than declared! Another common problem is the fact that people expect from ordinary CFLs to serve as good outdoors lighting where they can run constantly, but you need to know that those CFLs don’t perform well on low temperatures. Aside weaker light output and longer time needed to achieve it, they tend to last far less then stated. CFLs are also found to be sensitive to humidity. The life of a CFL is significantly shorter if it is turned on and off frequently. While you may not turn your light on and off every 5 minutes, a 5-minute on/off cycle the lifespan of a CFL reduces its lifespan to life of an incandescent light bulb. As a solution to this problem, you can consider using CFL with electronic ballast (dimmable CFLs) rather than ones with older fixed ballast. The electronic ones generally tolerate powering on and off much better.

So if you plan using them outdoors, in closed fixtures, or with dimmer switches, you need to buy specially marked (and more expensive) bulbs that match your needs. Another problem cheaper CFLs have lays in their electronics which can break faster than claimed. Although the heat they generate is far lower compared to incandescent light bulbs, it can influence the electronics located in the base of CFLs. If you use your CFL in a floor lamp, where the ballast is located bellow the rest of the lamp, the heat generated by the lamp goes upwards and it barely affects the electronics. In a more frequent case, the ballast and the base are screwed above the rest of the light bulb. The temperature which goes upwards makes the ballast contest suffer higher stress, thus significantly decreasing the lifespan of the bulb. As an alternative solution to more expensive versions of CFLs, you can try using fixtures where you screw the bulbs sideways. That way, you make their lifespan last somewhere between two previously mentioned cases.

Compared to incandescent light bulbs and CFLs, LED light bulbs have the longest life span and the lowest energy consumption. However, their current initial cost makes them less acceptable to average consumers. They generally last between 25,000 and 50,000 hours, and have many other advantages over other types of lighting – making this the shortest segment of this article. These bulbs are less sensitive to vibrations and shocks, do not mind the cold ambient to operate in and light up instantly. However, although they do operate at the lowest temperature compared to CFLs and incandescent lights, they do suffer from the same problem as CFLs due to electronics in them. The same rules about light bulb orientation apply for LED light bulbs, so if you haven’t read the last 2 paragraphs in the CFL section you can scroll a bit up. So, aside providing proper power supply which can be wrong due to wrong installations, the best way to make LED light bulbs last longer is to think about their orientation, opting for higher quality LED light bulbs with better heat sinks and electronics, and providing them environment where they can get cooled more easily.